Answer :
The (Option a) cAMP pathway is the signal transduction pathway affected in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Here, signaling via the hormone vasopressin is disrupted, which negatively impacts water balance regulation in the body, leading to excessive dilute urine production.
The signal transduction pathway affected in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the cAMP pathway. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder in which a defect in the kidneys results in a decreased response to the hormone vasopressin, which regulates water balance in the body.
Vasopressin normally binds to receptors on kidney cells and triggers a series of reactions within the cell, leading to the insertion of water channels (aquaporins) into the cell membrane.
This allows the cell to reabsorb water from the urine, concentrating it. The vasopressin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased production of the second messenger cAMP.
In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, this mechanism is disrupted, preventing appropriate water reabsorption and leading to the production of large amounts of dilute urine.
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