Answer :
Final answer:
The order of energy in atomic orbitals, from lowest to highest, follows this sequence: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p. According to this pattern, the sets from your options that are not in this order are Option 2: 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p and Option 4: 3s, 4p, 4s, 3p.
Explanation:
The general order of filling atomic orbitals begins from the lowest-energy shell and continues to the higher energy shells, following this pattern: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p. Atomic orbitals are filled by applying the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers, and Hund's rule which maintains that electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals whenever possible.
Given the above discussion, let's review your options. The sets that are not in the order of lowest energy to highest energy are Option 2: 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p and Option 4: 3s, 4p, 4s, 3p. For instance, in Option 2, 3d should come before 4p based on the energy levels, while in Option 4, 3s should come before 4s and 3p should come before 4p.
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