Answer :
Final answer:
In civil engineering, the difference between a hard shoulder and a soft shoulder lies in their construction materials and stability for emergency use. Hard shoulders are paved and provide a firm surface, while soft shoulders are usually composed of gravel, grass, or dirt and are less stable.
Explanation:
In civil engineering, hard shoulders and soft shoulders are terms that refer to the type of emergency stopping lanes on the side of the road. A hard shoulder is typically paved with materials such as asphalt or concrete, providing a stable and firm surface for vehicles to stop on in case of emergencies or breakdowns. In contrast, a soft shoulder is not paved; instead, it is composed of gravel, grass, or dirt, which can be less stable for vehicles, potentially leading to difficulties in maneuvering or re-entering the road safely.
The distinguishing factor is primarily the material used, which affects the shoulder's suitability for supporting stopped vehicles. For drivers, recognizing the difference is crucial for safety, as stopping on a soft shoulder may pose a higher risk of getting stuck or losing control. Civil engineers must consider the expected traffic, roadway budget, environmental impact, and safety when deciding between installing a hard shoulder or soft shoulder alongside a roadway.
Answer:
The 'shoulder' of a road is the land to the edge of the road. On most roads without pavements, the shoulder is a strip of grass or a hedgerow. This is known as a 'soft shoulder'. On a motorway, this strip of land is hardstanding, hence the name 'hard shoulder.'
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