Answer :
Final answer:
The smallest positive representative of the residue class of 83 in ℤ is 0, as this is the standard non-negative representative in the context of modular arithmetic. Hence, the correct answer is option (d) 0.
Explanation:
The question refers to the concept of residue classes in modular arithmetic within the broader mathematical framework. To find the smallest positive representative of the residue class of 83 in ℤ, we consider the standard convention which is to use the smallest non-negative integer in the residue class.
In the case of the residue class of 83 modulo 83, the smallest non-negative representative is 0 since 83 is equivalent to 0 mod 83.
