Answer :
Let's analyze each genetic cross step-by-step.
### First Situation: Heterozygous male (Ww) × Homozygous recessive female (ww)
1. Parental Genotypes:
- Male: Ww (one dominant allele 'W' and one recessive allele 'w')
- Female: ww (two recessive alleles 'w')
2. Possible Gametes:
- Male can pass on either 'W' or 'w'.
- Female can only pass on 'w'.
3. Punnett Square Setup:
- The top row will have the male gametes: W and w.
- The side column will have the female gamete: both w and w (since both are the same).
```
| W | w |
w | Ww | ww |
w | Ww | ww |
```
4. Punnett Square Results:
- Two squares (Ww) represent heterozygous offspring.
- Two squares (ww) represent homozygous recessive offspring.
5. Probability Calculation:
- Out of 4 possible outcomes, 2 are heterozygous (Ww).
- Probability of heterozygous offspring is 2/4 or 0.5 (50%).
### Second Situation: Heterozygous (Ww) × Homozygous dominant (WW)
1. Parental Genotypes:
- One parent is Ww (heterozygous).
- The other parent is WW (homozygous dominant).
2. Possible Gametes:
- The heterozygous parent can pass on either 'W' or 'w'.
- The homozygous dominant parent can only pass on 'W'.
3. Punnett Square Setup:
- The top row will have the gametes from the homozygous dominant parent: W and W.
- The side column will have the gametes from the heterozygous parent: W and w.
```
| W | W |
W | WW | WW |
w | Ww | Ww |
```
4. Punnett Square Results:
- All squares show offspring with at least one 'W', either WW or Ww.
- There are no squares with both recessive alleles (ww).
5. Probability Calculation:
- Probability of having a homozygous recessive offspring (ww) is 0 out of 4.
- Probability is 0 or 0.0 (0%).
These detailed steps illustrate the probability outcomes for each genetic cross.
### First Situation: Heterozygous male (Ww) × Homozygous recessive female (ww)
1. Parental Genotypes:
- Male: Ww (one dominant allele 'W' and one recessive allele 'w')
- Female: ww (two recessive alleles 'w')
2. Possible Gametes:
- Male can pass on either 'W' or 'w'.
- Female can only pass on 'w'.
3. Punnett Square Setup:
- The top row will have the male gametes: W and w.
- The side column will have the female gamete: both w and w (since both are the same).
```
| W | w |
w | Ww | ww |
w | Ww | ww |
```
4. Punnett Square Results:
- Two squares (Ww) represent heterozygous offspring.
- Two squares (ww) represent homozygous recessive offspring.
5. Probability Calculation:
- Out of 4 possible outcomes, 2 are heterozygous (Ww).
- Probability of heterozygous offspring is 2/4 or 0.5 (50%).
### Second Situation: Heterozygous (Ww) × Homozygous dominant (WW)
1. Parental Genotypes:
- One parent is Ww (heterozygous).
- The other parent is WW (homozygous dominant).
2. Possible Gametes:
- The heterozygous parent can pass on either 'W' or 'w'.
- The homozygous dominant parent can only pass on 'W'.
3. Punnett Square Setup:
- The top row will have the gametes from the homozygous dominant parent: W and W.
- The side column will have the gametes from the heterozygous parent: W and w.
```
| W | W |
W | WW | WW |
w | Ww | Ww |
```
4. Punnett Square Results:
- All squares show offspring with at least one 'W', either WW or Ww.
- There are no squares with both recessive alleles (ww).
5. Probability Calculation:
- Probability of having a homozygous recessive offspring (ww) is 0 out of 4.
- Probability is 0 or 0.0 (0%).
These detailed steps illustrate the probability outcomes for each genetic cross.