Answer :
Final answer:
The process of creating a genetic copy of a superior animal is known as cloning. Cloning involves replacing the DNA in an egg with that of a donor animal and transferring the embryo to a surrogate mother. Other reproductive methods include embryo transfer and artificial insemination, which serve different purposes in animal breeding.
Explanation:
The Process of Cloning in Animals
The process of taking a genetic copy of a superior or elite animal and reproducing the genotype of the animal is known as cloning. Cloning involves replacing the haploid DNA of an unfertilized egg with the diploid DNA of a donor cell, after which the cells are cultured and the embryo is then transferred to a surrogate mother.
Other Reproductive Techniques
While cloning is a direct method of creating a genetic copy, other techniques, such as embryo transfer and artificial insemination, also play significant roles in animal reproduction:
- Embryo Transfer: This method involves fertilizing eggs and transferring embryos to a surrogate mother to carry to term.
- Artificial Insemination: This technique allows for the introduction of sperm into a female's reproductive tract to achieve pregnancy, effectively multiplying male genetic contributions.
Cloning is primarily used for preserving desirable genetic traits in agriculture and conservation efforts, whereas embryo transfer and artificial insemination are utilized for more general reproductive purposes.
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