Answer :
Final answer:
The phrases in question exhibit errors in word order and co-occurrence requirements. Proper English syntax generally follows a subject-verb-object structure and requires sentences to be complete with articles, objects, and other necessary grammatical components.
Explanation:
The strings of words presented each have issues related to either word order, co-occurrence requirements, or both.
Sleeps Sally: This phrase has an incorrect word order. The conventional English sentence structure is subject-verb-object, so it should be 'Sally sleeps'.
Sally is girl: This phrase violates co-occurrence requirements because it is missing an article before 'girl'. The correct phrase is 'Sally is a girl'.
Polly is fond of: This phrase has a violation of co-occurrence requirements because it lacks the object of the preposition 'of'. It should be something like 'Polly is fond of cats'.
Is fond of cats Polly: This phrase has an incorrect word order. It should be 'Polly is fond of cats'.
Bob convinced: This phrase violates co-occurrence requirements as it lacks a direct object. A complete sentence might be 'Bob convinced his friend'.
Sally beer drinks: This phrase has an incorrect word order. It should be 'Sally drinks beer'.
Polly gave the book Tom: This phrase has an incorrect word order. A clearer version would be 'Polly gave Tom the book'.
Sally said me that she would be there: This phrase combines both a word order problem and a co-occurrence issue. It should be 'Sally told me that she would be there' or 'Sally said that she would be there'.
Bought I this present for: This phrase has incorrect word order and violates co-occurrence requirements. The correct sentence is 'I bought this present for [someone]'.
Sally and arrived: This phrase has both an incorrect word order and violates co-occurrence requirements because it lacks a verb for 'Sally' and a subject for 'arrived'. It should be 'Sally arrived' plus additional context if needed.
