Answer :
According to Karen Horney, a prominent psychoanalyst and psychotherapist, neurotics express self-hatred in the form of merciless self-accusation when they constantly berate themselves. So the correct option is A) merciless self-accusation
Horney's theory focuses on the impact of early childhood experiences and interpersonal relationships on personality development and psychological well-being. She proposed that neurosis arises from unresolved conflicts and feelings of insecurity. Self-hatred is one of the core features she identified in neurotic individuals.
Merciless self-accusation refers to the tendency of neurotics to engage in harsh self-criticism and self-blame. Neurotics often internalize negative beliefs about themselves, viewing themselves as flawed, inadequate, or deserving of punishment. They constantly berate themselves, engaging in a relentless pattern of self-accusation, where they hold themselves responsible for perceived shortcomings or failures.
This self-accusatory behavior serves as a manifestation of their underlying self-hatred and contributes to a negative self-image. Neurotics may believe that they are fundamentally flawed or unworthy of love and acceptance, leading to feelings of guilt, shame, and low self-esteem.
It is important to note that Horney's concept of merciless self-accusation as a form of self-hatred is specific to her theory and may not encompass the full range of self-critical tendencies seen in individuals. Nonetheless, her insights provide valuable understanding into the psychological dynamics and emotional experiences of neurotic individuals.
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