Answer :
Final answer:
Grignard reagents are incompatible and can't be on the same molecule with imine, carboxylic acid, acetal, alcohol, nitrile, epoxide, aldehyde or ketone, OTMS (silyl ether), and OtBu (t-butyl ether). They are compatible with alkene, alkyne, and thioacetal.
Explanation:
Grignard reagents are extremely reactive, and they can react with any functional group that has a polarized bond in which carbon is attached to a more electronegative atom. This characteristic makes them incompatible with several functional groups. The functional groups that are incompatible with Grignard reagents, meaning they cannot be on the same molecule, include imine, carboxylic acid, acetal, alcohol, nitrile, epoxide, aldehyde or ketone, OTMS (silyl ether), and OtBu (t-butyl ether). However, alkene, alkyne, and thioacetal are compatible with Grignard reagents as they do not react with them readily under typical conditions.
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Final answer:
Grignard reagents are incompatible with functional groups that contain acidic hydrogens, like alcohols, carboxylic acids, and terminal alkynes, as well as electrophilic groups such as aldehydes or ketones.
Explanation:
Grignard reagents are highly reactive and cannot exist in the presence of functional groups with acidic hydrogens because they will deprotonate them. This reactivity confines the types of functional groups that can be present on the same molecule with a Grignard reagent.
The incompatible functional groups are alcohols, carboxylic acids, and terminal alkynes. Additionally, amides and 1° and 2° amines are not compatible due to their acidic NH bonds. Other functional groups with electrophilic characteristics, such as aldehydes or ketones, cannot be present because a Grignard reagent would react with these groups as well
