Answer :
Solar energy is obtained primarily through photovoltaic cells in solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity or through concentrating solar power systems that use mirrors to generate steam and drive turbines.
Solar energy is harnessed through two main processes: direct conversion using photovoltaic cells and thermal conversion via concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Photovoltaic cells, which make up solar panels, directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. Semiconducting materials within the cells absorb photons from sunlight, releasing electrons that are captured to produce an electric current. Alternatively, CSP systems use mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver, which heats a fluid to create steam. The steam then drives a turbine to generate electricity, similar to traditional power plants.
Examples of direct applications of solar energy include using solar panels for electricity production or solar collectors for space or water heating. Indirect applications involve harnessing solar energy to produce biomass fuels, generate electricity with wind turbines, or hydroenergy systems. While solar energy is a clean and renewable source, it also has limitations and environmental costs, such as land use and the production and disposal of solar panels.
