Answer :
Final answer:
Keystone species are vital in restarting ecosystems after primary succession as they maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. An example is the sea star Pisaster ochraceus, which significantly affects its ecological community. Invasive species, in contrast, typically disrupt ecosystem balance instead of restoring it.
Explanation:
Restarting Ecosystems After Primary Succession
After primary succession has occurred, the type of species that can help restart the ecosystem is typically a keystone species. These species play a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and fostering biodiversity. Their presence often influences various ecological processes far beyond what would be expected from their abundance alone.
For instance, the intertidal sea star Pisaster ochraceus is a classic example of a keystone species. When this starfish is removed from its habitat, there is a significant increase in mussel populations, which can outcompete other species for resources, leading to decreased biodiversity. The restoration of a keystone species can, therefore, help restore balance and promote a diverse ecosystem.
On the other hand, invasive species can disrupt ecosystems by outcompeting native species and often do not contribute positively to biodiversity. Thus, in the context of primary succession and ecosystem recovery, keystone species are essential for promoting a healthy and diverse biological community.
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