Answer :
Final answer:
Orthogonal lines, part of the linear perspective technique, are used in an orthographic sketch to project the size of an object from one view to another. These lines converge at a vanishing point, creating an illusion of depth. This concept is illustrated with examples like railroad tracks appearing to converge as they recede into the distance.
Explanation:
In an orthographic sketch, the type of line that is used to project the size of an object from one view to another is called an orthogonal line. Orthogonal lines are part of the technique of linear perspective, contributing to the creation of an illusion of depth in drawings and paintings. These lines converge at a point known as the vanishing point on the horizon line.
Consider an example of a pair of parallel railroad tracks; as they recede into the distance, they appear to converge due to an optical illusion. This effect is achieved by using orthogonal lines that meet at a vanishing point on the horizon line. Note that as all the orthogonals converge, the forms also get smaller, allowing an artist to faithfully represent three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
Linear perspective can be used to represent long distances as well. For example, to represent a line 500 feet long, the unit scale would be used to draw a line 5 inches long. Thus, linear perspective, by using orthogonal lines, can effectively project the size of an object from one view to another.
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