Answer :
Magnesium-23 must undergo beta-minus decay to generate sodium-23.
In beta-minus decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, and an electron and an antineutrino are emitted.
This changes the atomic number of the nucleus by increasing it by one while keeping the mass number the same.
So, in this case, one of the neutrons in the magnesium-23 nucleus would undergo beta-minus decay, resulting in a sodium-23 nucleus with 11 protons and 12 neutrons.
Magnesium-23, which has 12 protons and 11 neutrons in its nucleus, undergoes beta-minus decay to generate sodium-23. During this process, one of the neutrons in the nucleus is converted into a proton, and a high-energy electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino are emitted.
The proton remains in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one, which transforms the magnesium-23 into sodium-23. Beta-minus decay occurs when the nucleus has too many neutrons relative to protons and needs to increase its proton-to-neutron ratio to become more stable.
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