Answer :
Final answer:
Probable cause is a higher legal standard that requires a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed, used primarily for obtaining search or arrest warrants. Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard allowing law enforcement to briefly detain individuals based on observable behavior suggestive of criminal activity. Both standards serve distinct purposes in protecting citizens' rights while enabling law enforcement actions.
Explanation:
The Difference Between Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion
Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion are both legal standards used in law enforcement and the judicial system, but they serve different purposes and require different levels of evidence.
Probable Cause
Probable cause is the standard used by judges to issue search warrants or arrest warrants. It requires a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that a crime has been committed, or that evidence of a crime is present. For example, if police officers witness someone engaging in a drug deal, they have probable cause to arrest that individual and search their belongings.
Reasonable Suspicion
Reasonable suspicion, on the other hand, is a lower standard than probable cause. It allows police officers to stop and briefly detain an individual if they have specific, articulable facts suggesting that the person may be involved in criminal activity. In the landmark case Terry v. Ohio (1968), the Supreme Court ruled that police could conduct a "stop and frisk" when they have reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior, which is based on the officer's observations and experience.
For instance, if a police officer sees someone loitering around a closed store late at night and acting suspiciously, they might have reasonable suspicion to stop that person and ask questions. However, they cannot arrest or search the individual without probable cause.
In summary, while both standards play crucial roles in law enforcement, the key difference lies in the level of evidence required: probable cause demands a higher threshold than reasonable suspicion.
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