Answer :
Option d. The spelling strategy that involves using probabilistic phoneme-to-grapheme knowledge is called orthographic mapping, which is part of phonological processing.
The spelling strategy in question is called orthographic mapping. This method involves the assembly of spellings for words based on a probabilistic understanding of how phonemes (the smallest units of sound in spoken language) relate to graphemes (the letters or groups of letters that represent these sounds in written language). This strategy requires the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes and to connect these phonemes to their corresponding graphemes in order to spell words correctly.
In the context of decoding and word recognition, phonological awareness is a broader skill that includes recognizing units of sound such as rhymes, syllables, and phonemes. Phoneme awareness is a subset of this skill and represents the most advanced level of phonological awareness, focusing on individual sounds within words. For successful decoding and subsequent word recognition, a child must be able to apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences, which is an essential element of phonological processing. Phonological processing is a critical ability that underlies both phonological awareness and phoneme awareness. To summarize, the correct answer to the question posed is (d) Orthographic mapping.
