Answer :
Final answer:
The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 was designed to reduce the number of lawsuits filed by prisoners. It curtailed the ability of inmates to challenge their conditions of confinement and introduced the 'three strikes' rule, placing severe restrictions on the frequency with which inmates can file lawsuits.
Explanation:
The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 (PLRA) was passed with the intent to reduce the number of lawsuits filed by prisoners. It heavily curtailed the ability of prisoners to challenge their conditions of confinement in federal court and is represented in option 1 of your question. This act was a reaction to a rise in lawsuits by prisoners in the preceding decades, many of which were perceived as frivolous. The PLRA established that prisoners must exhaust internal prison grievance procedures before they can bring a federal civil rights lawsuit. The PLRA also introduced the "three strikes" rule, which dismisses any new lawsuit or appeal filed by a prisoner who has already had three lawsuits or appeals dismissed as frivolous, unless the prisoner is under immediate threat of serious physical injury. Therefore, under the act, prisoners essentially get three chances to file a lawsuit, after which their ability to seek relief from the courts is severely limited. This legislation had a significant impact on the ability of prisoners to seek redress for violations of their constitutional rights. The change in law led to a fall in lawsuits by inmates, altering the balance of power in prisons by limiting inmates' access to the courts.
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