Answer :
Let's go through the steps to understand how to find the solutions for the given data of areas of U.S. state capitals:
### (a) Mean State Area
To find the mean, you add up all the values and divide by the total number of values.
1. Add all areas: Sum up all the given areas.
2. Count the number of areas: There are 49 areas provided.
3. Calculate the mean: Divide the total sum by 49.
The mean state area is approximately 105.1.
### (b) Median State Area
To find the median, which is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in order:
1. Order the areas: List all areas from smallest to largest.
2. Find the middle value:
- Since there are 49 areas (an odd number), the median is the 25th value in this ordered list.
The median state area is 63.8.
### (c) Five-Number Summary
The five-number summary consists of the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), and maximum.
1. Minimum: The smallest area in the list is 6.7.
2. First Quartile (Q1): This is the value below which 25% of the data fall. It is about 22.4.
3. Median: As calculated before, the median is 63.8.
4. Third Quartile (Q3): This point marks where 75% of the data fall below it. It is about 114.6.
5. Maximum: The largest area in the list is 620.3.
The five-number summary is: (6.7, 22.4, 63.8, 114.6, 620.3).
These steps help understand how the statistical measures were determined.
### (a) Mean State Area
To find the mean, you add up all the values and divide by the total number of values.
1. Add all areas: Sum up all the given areas.
2. Count the number of areas: There are 49 areas provided.
3. Calculate the mean: Divide the total sum by 49.
The mean state area is approximately 105.1.
### (b) Median State Area
To find the median, which is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in order:
1. Order the areas: List all areas from smallest to largest.
2. Find the middle value:
- Since there are 49 areas (an odd number), the median is the 25th value in this ordered list.
The median state area is 63.8.
### (c) Five-Number Summary
The five-number summary consists of the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), and maximum.
1. Minimum: The smallest area in the list is 6.7.
2. First Quartile (Q1): This is the value below which 25% of the data fall. It is about 22.4.
3. Median: As calculated before, the median is 63.8.
4. Third Quartile (Q3): This point marks where 75% of the data fall below it. It is about 114.6.
5. Maximum: The largest area in the list is 620.3.
The five-number summary is: (6.7, 22.4, 63.8, 114.6, 620.3).
These steps help understand how the statistical measures were determined.