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------------------------------------------------ Question 1:

In genetics, the dash symbol (–) is a "wild card" that stands for either the dominant allele or the recessive allele. For example, R– means the individual has either the genotype RR or Rr. In Duroc-Jersey pigs:

- Genotypes R– S– have a red coat color.
- R– ss and rr S– have sandy-colored coats.
- rr ss pigs are white.

R and S show independent assortment. What cross is expected to result in all sandy-colored progeny? (Select all that apply.)

1. RR SS × rr ss
2. RR Ss × Rr SS
3. Rr Ss × Rr Ss
4. RR ss × rr SS
5. rr ss × rr ss

Question 2:

In genetics, the dash symbol (–) is a "wild card" that stands for either the dominant allele or the recessive allele. For example, W– means the individual has either the genotype WW or Ww. In summer squash:

- Genotypes W– G– and W– gg are white.
- ww G– are yellow.
- ww gg are green.

W and G show independent assortment. What cross would yield white and yellow progeny in the ratio of 1:1?

1. WW gg × ww gg
2. WW Gg × Ww GG
3. Ww Gg × Ww Gg
4. WW gg × ww GG
5. Ww Gg × ww GG

Please explain why.

Determine which cross will result in all sandy-colored progeny, we need to consider the coat color genotypes and the independent assortment of alleles. In Duroc-Jersey pigs, genotypes R– S– have a red coat color, R– ss and rr S– have sandy-colored coats, and rr ss pigs are white.

Let's analyze each option:

1) RR SS × rr ss: This cross will result in all red progeny, not sandy-colored. The genotype of the parents is different from the sandy coat genotype.

2) RR Ss × Rr SS: This cross has a possibility of producing sandy-colored progeny. The genotype of the parents includes the sandy coat genotype (R– ss), and there is independent assortment for both coat color alleles (R and S).

3) Rs Ss × Rr Ss: This cross also has a possibility of producing sandy-colored progeny. Both parents have the sandy coat genotype (R– ss), and there is independent assortment for both coat color alleles (R and S).

4) RR ss × rr SS: This cross will result in all red progeny, not sandy-colored. The genotype of the parents is different from the sandy coat genotype.

5) rr ss × rr ss: This cross will result in all white progeny. Both parents have the white coat genotype (rr ss).

Therefore, options 2) (RR Ss × Rr SS) and 3) (Rs Ss × Rr Ss) are expected to result in all sandy-colored progeny.

No.2)
Yield white and yellow progeny in a 1:1 ratio, we need to consider the coat color genotypes and the independent assortment of alleles. In summer squash, genotypes W– G– and W– gg are white, ww G– are yellow, and ww gg are green.

Let's analyze each option:

1) WW gg × ww gg: This cross will result in all green progeny, not white and yellow. Both parents have the green coat genotype (ww gg).

2) WW Gg × Ww GG: This cross will result in all white progeny. Both parents have the white coat genotype (W– G–).

3) Ww Gg × Ww Gg: This cross will result in a 1:2:1 ratio of white, yellow, and green progeny. There is independent assortment for both coat color alleles (W and G), resulting in the different coat color combinations.

4) WW gg × ww GG: This cross will result in all green progeny, not white and yellow. Both parents have the green coat genotype (ww gg).

5) Ww Gg × ww GG: This cross will result in a 1:1 ratio of white and yellow progeny. The genotype of the parents includes both the white and yellow coat genotypes (W– G– and ww G–), and there is independent assortment for both coat color alleles (W and G).

Therefore, option 5) (Ww Gg × ww GG) would yield white and yellow progeny in a 1:1 ratio.

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