Answer :
Final answer:
The correct answer is 2) probable cause. Police need probable cause to search without a warrant, which is a less stringent legal standard than that for a criminal conviction. Some situations, like exigent circumstances or consent searches, do not require a warrant or probable cause.
Explanation:
The correct answer is 2) probable cause. When searching without a warrant, police need probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed or evidence will be found. Probable cause is a legal standard used to determine whether a search or seizure is constitutional, as stated in the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. The requirement of probable cause is less stringent than the standard of proof needed for a criminal conviction. However, it must be demonstrated to a judge when a warrant is deemed necessary.
Moreover, there are specific circumstances where a warrant is not required, such as when the owner or renter consents to the search, when there is imminent danger of evidence being destroyed (exigent circumstances), when items are in plain view, when searching the passenger compartment of a vehicle, or during border searches upon entering the United States.
