Answer :
Final answer:
In a germanium atom, the 3s subshell is shielded by 10 electrons, while the 4s subshell is shielded by 18 electrons. These figures are derived from considering the number of electrons in the preceding subshells.
Explanation:
In an atom of germanium, the 3s subshell is shielded by 10 electrons. This is because of the way electrons are distributed in the energy levels, or shells, and subshells of an atom. The 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s subshells (with 2, 2, 6, and 2 electrons respectively) are filled before we get to the 3s subshell in germanium. That counts to 10 electrons in total.
Following the same course, the 4s subshell in germanium is shielded by 18 electrons. Here, we consider all the electrons in the 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p subshells (with 2, 2, 6, 2, and 6 electrons respectively). Adding these up, we get a total of 18 electrons shielding the 4s subshell.
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