Answer :
Final answer:
To calculate the temperature at 4000 meters above sea level, we use the given lapse rates and apply them stepwise to find that the temperature at 4000 meters would be 3.7℃.
Explanation:
The question is about calculating the temperature at 4000 meters above sea level given a specific surface temperature and environmental lapse rates at different altitudes.
The surface temperature at sea level is given as 18℃.
Up to 2000 meters, the environmental lapse rate is 6.0℃/1000m, and from 2000 to 3000 meters, the rate is 1.8℃/1000m.
Above 3000 meters, the normal lapse rate of 6.5K (or 6.5℃) per 1000m applies.
Using this information, we calculate the temperature decrease from sea level to 2000 meters first: 12℃ (18℃ - 6.0℃ x 2).
From 2000 to 3000 meters the temperature decreases by 1.8℃: 10.2℃ (12℃ - 1.8℃ x 1).
From 3000 to 4000 meters, using the normal lapse rate, the temperature decreases by 6.5℃: 3.7℃ (10.2℃ - 6.5℃ x 1).
Therefore, at 4000 meters, the temperature would be 3.7℃.
