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------------------------------------------------ Each iron atom has a mass of about \(9 \times 10^{-23}\) grams. Even a small grain of iron has an incredible number of atoms in it—about \(1 \times 10^{18}\) atoms in one grain. Which of these is most similar to the number of atoms in a grain of iron?

A grain of iron contains a number of atoms similar to the amount found in a speck of dust or a grain of sand. It far surpasses the number of stars in a galaxy like the Milky Way, but is also comparable to the estimated total number of sand grains on all of Earth's beaches.

Explanation:

The question is asking about the scale of atoms within a substance, which in this case is a grain of iron. The mass of an iron atom has been given as about 9 x 1023 grams, and the number of atoms in one grain of iron as about 1 x 1018. Considering size scales in atomic physics and chemistry, the number of atoms in a speck of dust or a grain of sand would be similar to the number of atoms in a grain of iron. Both tend to contain around 1018 to 1019 atoms.

In terms of other comparable quantities, the number of stars in a galaxy like our Milky Way is usually estimated to be about 100 billion (or 1 x 1011), which is several orders of magnitude less. Meanwhile, the number of sand grains on all the Earth's beaches is estimated to be around 7.5 x 1018, which would be very close to the number of iron atoms in a grain of iron.

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