Answer :
Reasonable suspicion: Specific facts justifying brief stops. Probable cause: Belief crime occurred, warrants arrests or searches. Miranda: Rights during interrogation. Public safety exception: Limited questioning for imminent threats.
(a) Reasonable Suspicion: Legal standard for brief stops. Requires specific, articulable facts indicating possible criminal activity, less than probable cause but more than speculation.
(b) Probable Cause: Higher standard than reasonable suspicion. Belief a crime has been, is being, or will be committed, based on facts or evidence.
(c) Miranda v. Arizona: Supreme Court case establishing rights to silence and counsel during custodial interrogation. Failure to provide warnings can lead to exclusion of statements.
(d) Public Safety Exception: Allows limited interrogation without Miranda warnings in situations of imminent public safety threat. Established by Supreme Court.
