Answer :
Final answer:
Civility, courtesy, and decency may be regarded as universal values but can differ in expression across cultures, making them cultural values as well. Personal values are individual, while relative values suggest no set of values is inherently superior. Tolerance might be considered a universal value, challenging the notion of pure relativism. Thus, option a) Universal values is correct answer.
Explanation:
When discussing Concepts like civility, courtesy, and decency, it is evident that these can be seen as universal values to some extent. Universal values are those that are widely accepted and upheld across various cultures and societies. However, what constitutes civility and courtesy can differ significantly from one culture to another, hence these concepts may also be considered as cultural values. Cultural values are those shared by members within a particular community, influencing behavior and social norms, such as respect for elders or the importance of freedom.
Personal values, on the other hand, are individual beliefs that guide a person's behavior and choices, and while they may be influenced by cultural values, personal values can vary greatly even within the same culture. Relative values imply that values can be different dependent on the cultural or individual perspective and that no set of values is inherently superior to another.
Moreover, the suggestion that tolerance could be a universal value highlights the occasional contradiction inherent in the concept of relativism, which posits that all value systems are valid. Nonetheless, if relativism promotes the value of tolerance, it acknowledges at least one universal standard against which other values are measured, implying the existence of at least one value that transcends cultural differentiation.
