Answer :
Final answer:
The effective nuclear charge experienced by the 4s orbital of zinc is +20.
Explanation:
The effective nuclear charge of an atom is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom or ion. It is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus and the shielding effect of inner electrons. In the case of the 4s orbital of zinc, we need to consider the nuclear charge and the shielding from the 3d and 4p orbitals. Zinc has 30 protons, so the nuclear charge is +30. The 3d and 4p orbitals both have 10 electrons, so their shielding contribution is +10. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge experienced by the 4s orbital of zinc is +20.
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