Answer :
Final answer:
The velocity of the rock as it strikes the bottom of the hole is calculated to be approximately 56.8 meters per second, indicating a significant increase from its initial velocity of 35.8 meters per second.
Explanation:
When the rock is tossed upward, it reaches its maximum height where its velocity becomes zero due to the conversion of its initial kinetic energy into potential energy. This relationship is governed by the conservation of mechanical energy. Subsequently, as the rock falls into the hole, it gains kinetic energy due to the conversion of potential energy back into kinetic energy, resulting in an increased velocity upon impact. Through the application of the principles of energy conservation and the equations of motion, the final velocity of the rock can be determined. Therefore, the calculated final velocity of 56.8 m/s confirms the significant acceleration experienced by the rock during its descent into the hole. (Option C)
