Answer :
Final answer:
A Geiger counter detects radiation by measuring ionization in a gas-filled chamber, which occurs when radiation particles knock electrons off gas atoms. The movement of these electrons creates a current that generates a signal, typically an audible 'click'. Essentially, it measures the electrons released by ionization to indicate radiation presence.
Explanation:
Understanding How a Geiger Counter Works
A Geiger counter, or Geiger-Müller counter, is an instrument that measures radiation by detecting the ionization caused by ionizing radiation. When alpha, beta, or gamma particles collides with a gas-filled chamber in the Geiger tube, the energy from these particles transfers to the gas, knocking off electrons from gas atoms. This process produces ion pairs (free electrons and positively charged ions), resulting in electrons released by ionization.
The free electrons are attracted to a positively charged anode inside the Geiger tube, creating a small current. This change in voltage is then detected by the circuitry connected to the Geiger counter, leading to an audible click or a visual indicator on the meter, thereby providing a count of radiation events.
In summary, a Geiger counter operates by measuring the ionization of gas caused by these radiation particles, and the resulting electrical signals are what we detect and read as radiation levels.
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