A client has a low serum potassium level and is ordered a dose of parenteral potassium chloride (KCl). How does a nurse safely administer KCl to the client?

A. Administers 5 mEq intramuscularly (IM)
B. Dilutes 200 mEq in 1 liter of normal saline and infuses at 100 mL/hr
C. Infuses 10 mEq over a 1-hour period
D. Pushes 5 mEq through a central access line

The safest administration of potassium chloride in a client with low serum potassium is generally by diluting the substance in saline and infusing it slowly, to avoid rapid changes in potassium concentration levels which can lead to serious complications.

Explanation:

Your question pertains to the safe administration of potassium chloride (KCl) for a client with a low serum potassium level. Given that the normal potassium concentration gradients within the body are maintained by sodium-potassium pumps in cell membranes, it is crucial to carefully administer intravenous potassium to avoid adverse reactions.

Option B, which involves diluting 200 mEq of KCl in 1 liter of normal saline and infusing it at a rate of 100 mL/hr, is generally the safest method. This slow, steady infusion allows the body time to properly distribute the potassium, reducing the risk of hyperkalemia, a potentially fatal complication characterized by an excess of potassium in the ECF which can lead to heart failure, among other severe symptoms. This method also avoids issues of irritation or discomfort related to intramuscular injection.

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