Answer :
Final answer:
Empathy is the complex emotion that requires a sophisticated degree of self-awareness. It develops during adolescence and allows an individual to understand and share other people's feelings. This is a result of recognizing that others have internal emotional states just as oneself, which signifies high self-awareness.
Explanation:
According to studies in developmental and social psychology, all four options - shame, guilt, empathy, and sympathy - demand a degree of self-awareness. However, specifically focusing on the complex emotion of empathy, it requires a sophisticated grasp of self-awareness. Empathy, specifically cognitive empathy or theory-of-mind, can develop in the adolescent years, allowing a person to understand and share the feelings of others.
Empathy isn't just a reaction to others' pain or joy; it requires an understanding that another's feelings might differ from your own - recognizing that others have an internal life, just as you do - which is the essence of self-awareness. In comparison, shame and guilt involve recognizing one's own actions as wrong, while sympathy involves feeling sorrow or pity for someone else's misfortune without necessarily understanding their perspective.
So, if a child has to be self-aware to experience a complex emotion, the answer would logically be empathy. This complex emotional capability requires not only the awareness of the existence of others’ thoughts and feelings but also considering and understanding them, which is a high level of self-awareness.
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