A bacterial strain that can synthesize a nutrient (e.g., methionine) and does not require that nutrient in its growth medium is called a(n) ______________________.

A bacterial strain that can synthesize all necessary nutrients and does not require them in its growth medium is called a prototroph. In contrast, an auxotroph needs specific nutrients in its environment for growth. The differences in these strains help to understand microbial physiology and genetics.

Explanation:

A bacterial strain that can synthesize a nutrient such as methionine and does not require that nutrient in its growth medium is called a prototroph. Prototrophs, in contrast to auxotrophs, have the biochemical machinery to synthesize all compounds needed for their growth, and are not dependent on the environment for specific nutrients. For instance, Escherichia coli Strain A would be an auxotroph as it requires methane and biotin to grow, whereas Strain B might be a prototroph if it can grow without threonine, leucine, and thiamine supplementation. These terms are used in the context of microbial physiology and genetics, and help in understanding how organisms adapt to their environments and nutritional requirements.

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