Answer :
Final answer:
Three ethical challenges in a simulated penetration test, namely: Apache server vulnerability, misuse of credentials through phishing, and gaining system-level AWS server access. These can be dealt with by adherence to the EC-Council Code of Ethics and the Framework for Ethical Decision Making, which prioritize areas like legality, confidentiality, and professionalism. The decisions made should prioritize the well-being, interests of the client, and respect boundaries set by Statement of Work (SOW).
Explanation:
This question explores three ethical challenges within a simulated penetration test. These challenges involve: 1) vulnerabilities in an Apache server; 2) misuse of user credentials collected through a phishing campaign; and 3) system-level access to an AWS server through a phishing attack.
Each challenge presents a unique ethical dilemma. For example, with the Apache server vulnerability, the ethical decision lies in how to disclose and address the vulnerability while minimizing impact to the client’s business operations. The misuse of login credentials obtained through a phishing attack calls for an analysis of whether, and to what extent, the testers should utilize these credentials. Finally, in gaining system-level access to an AWS server, penetration testers must decide whether to exploit this access or simply report the findings to the client.
These ethical considerations must be guided by relevant codes of ethics, such as the EC-Council Code of Ethics, which emphasizes areas such as legality, confidentiality, and professionalism. Additionally, the Framework for Ethical Decision Making can be used to evaluate the consequences and implications of various actions, from who will be affected, to the potential harms and benefits of each option.
The penetration testing team should always prioritize the well-being and interests of the client and respect the boundaries set by the Statement of Work (SOW). Testing each decision for potential consequences and evaluating them against ethical principles can guide the team in choosing the best approach. Ultimately, ethical decision making in penetration testing is about balancing the need for security improvements with respect for client boundaries and professional integrity.
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