Answer :
Final answer:
The rise of water in a capillary tube, or capillary action, is a result of the forces of cohesion and adhesion between water and glass molecules, respectively. The height of climb depends on surface tension, liquid density, and tube radius. This phenomenon underpins several important processes in nature and science.
Explanation:
The rising of water in a capillary tube is a result of a phenomenon known as capillary action. This occurs due to the forces of cohesion (attraction between similar molecules, such as water) and adhesion (attraction between different molecules, such as water and glass).
In the case of water in a glass capillary tube, water molecules are attracted to the glass due to adhesive forces. These forces compel water to spread along the inner surface of the tube, resulting in the upward motion of the water. In contrast, the cohesive forces between the water molecules resist the upward motion. The balance between these forces forms a curved surface or 'meniscus' of the water column within the tube.
The height to which water rises in the tube depends on the surface tension of the liquid, density of the liquid, and radius of the tube. The smaller the tube radius or the stronger the surface tension, the higher water climbs. The phenomena of capillary action is intricately related to several real-world systems, including the delivery of water and nutrients from soil to plants through xylem, and the action of thin layer chromatography in laboratories.
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