Answer :
The term 'retrogression' is used to indicate Buck's return to his ancient instinctual roots, necessary for his survival in harsh conditions, rather than implying moral shifts or growth.
The term 'retrogression' is used by the author to indicate that Buck was not evolving, but rather returning to his ancient instinctual roots.
Buck, a character in Jack London's novel 'The Call of the Wild,' experiences conditions that force him to rely more on his primordial instincts and less on the domestication he'd known.
The dog's survival in the unfamiliar, harsh environment required embracing these primitive instincts.
Retrogression here, therefore, doesn't imply that Buck was becoming evil or refining his morals, but signified his reversion to a more primal state, one that was necessary for his survival.
The journey depicted is one of reversion to nature, as opposed to moral degradation or sophistication.
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