Answer :
The term that refers to pathways that can function both in anabolism and catabolism is "amphibolic pathways."
Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, which requires energy, whereas catabolism is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Amphibolic pathways are essential for maintaining the balance between these two processes in a cell.
Amphibolic pathways play a crucial role in cellular metabolism, as they enable the efficient use of resources and adapt to the cell's changing needs. One well-known example of an amphibolic pathway is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle. This cycle involves a series of chemical reactions that generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA, while also providing essential intermediates for the synthesis of various biomolecules.
In contrast, homolactic fermentation pathways are specific to anaerobic metabolism and involve the production of lactic acid from glucose. Chemiosmosis pathways are related to the generation of ATP through the movement of protons across a membrane, and light-dependent pathways are involved in photosynthesis, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy.
To sum up, amphibolic pathways are unique in their ability to function in both anabolic and catabolic processes, making them an essential part of cellular metabolism.
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