Answer :
b.) Backup bar is not associated with achieving longer spans in steel. To achieve longer spans in steel structures, various design elements and components are used. Let's discuss each option to identify which one is not associated with achieving longer spans:
a.) Joist girder: Joist girders are structural elements that provide support for floor or roof systems. They are commonly used to span moderate distances and are designed to carry heavy loads. Joist girders contribute to achieving longer spans in steel construction.
b.) Backup bar: A backup bar is not directly associated with achieving longer spans in steel. It is a temporary welding support used during welding operations to maintain alignment and provide backing for the molten weld metal. While backup bars are important for ensuring quality welds, they do not specifically contribute to longer spans in steel structures.
c.) Castellated beam: Castellated beams are steel beams that are cut and re-welded to create a series of voids or openings along the web of the beam. This process allows for increased depth and improved load-carrying capacity, enabling longer spans to be achieved.
d.) Rigid frame members: Rigid frame members, such as columns and beams, are essential for providing stability and resisting structural loads in steel buildings. They are often used in long-span structures to provide robust support and maintain structural integrity.
e.) Plate girder: Plate girders are constructed by welding together steel plates to form a deep beam. They are commonly used for longer spans and heavy load-bearing applications, making them an important component for achieving longer spans in steel construction.
In summary, the term "backup bar" is not directly associated with achieving longer spans in steel structures. It serves as a temporary welding support, while other options such as joist girders, castellated beams, rigid frame members, and plate girders play significant roles in achieving longer spans.
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