Answer :
Final answer:
The statement that is incorrect about the death rate (D) of bacteria measured at the same temperature is: Heat treatment for one D-value gives a 90% reduction in viable bacterial numbers.
Explanation:
The death rate (D) of bacteria is a measure of how quickly bacteria are killed or inactivated by a specific treatment, such as heat. It is an important parameter in microbiology and food safety. The D-value represents the time required to achieve a specific reduction in the number of viable bacteria.
Statement A is correct. A lower D-value for another bacterial strain implies that it will be more sensitive to heat. This means that the bacterial strain will be killed more quickly when exposed to heat.
Statement B is correct. Heat treatment for five D-values gives a 50% reduction in viable bacterial numbers. This means that if you apply heat treatment for a time equal to five times the D-value, you will achieve a 50% reduction in the number of viable bacteria.
Statement C is correct. D-values are indeed measured in units of time, such as seconds or minutes. This allows scientists to quantify the effectiveness of different treatments in killing bacteria.
Statement D is incorrect. Heat treatment for one D-value does not give a 90% reduction in viable bacterial numbers. In reality, it results in a 63.2% reduction in viable bacterial numbers. This is an important distinction to remember.
Statement E is correct. Spores, which are dormant and resistant forms of bacteria, typically have higher D-values than vegetative cells of the same strain. This means that spores are more resistant to heat treatment and require longer exposure times to achieve the same reduction in viable bacterial numbers.
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