Answer :
The factor that maintains the resting membrane potential is K+ leak channels.
K+ leak channels play a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a cell. The resting membrane potential refers to the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. It is mainly determined by the movement of ions, such as potassium (K+), across the cell membrane.
K+ leak channels are membrane proteins that allow the passive movement of K+ ions out of the cell. They are always open, allowing K+ ions to move down their concentration gradient from the intracellular space to the extracellular space. This movement of positive ions contributes to the negative charge inside the cell, establishing the resting membrane potential.
When K+ ions move out of the cell through these leak channels, they leave behind negatively charged molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, inside the cell. This accumulation of negative charge further contributes to the negative resting membrane potential.
It is important to note that the other options mentioned, ATP leak channels, Ca2+ leak channels, and Cl- leak channels, do not directly contribute to maintaining the resting membrane potential. ATP leak channels are not involved in ion movement, Ca2+ leak channels primarily contribute to calcium ion homeostasis, and Cl- leak channels allow the movement of chloride ions but do not significantly affect the resting membrane potential.
In summary, K+ leak channels play a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential by allowing the passive movement of K+ ions out of the cell, contributing to the negative charge inside the cell.
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