Answer :
The correct answer is d. Collective consumption, a concept by Manuel Castells that refers to how city governments provide essential public services necessary for the functioning of the city and broader economic system.
The concept used by Manuel Castells to capture how the public accommodations that individuals use have to be collectively produced is d. Collective consumption. Castells' analysis centers on the critical responsibilities of city governments in providing essentials such as infrastructure, housing, and social services, which are necessary for the functioning of the city and the economy.
Collective consumption speaks to the way municipalities collectivize the costs of producing and distributing these services to the general populace, which includes public safety, transportation, health, recreation, and education. It is essential to the reproduction of the labor force and facilitating urban life.
