Answer :
Presidents typically offer interpretations of new laws through presidential signing statements, which outline how the president plans to execute and enforce the new legislation.Therefore, the correct answer is option 3) by signing statements.
When presidents offer interpretations of new laws before those laws are implemented, they typically do so through presidential signing statements. These are written statements issued at the time the president signs a bill into law, outlining how the executive branch intends to interpret and enforce the legislation. Signing statements have been a tool used by presidents since the time of James Monroe but became more prevalent in modern administrations, with a notable increase during President George W. Bush's tenure, who used them to assert extensive control over how laws would be implemented, often invoking the unitary executive theory.
Unlike executive orders, which also serve as a unilateral power that can bypass Congress, signing statements do not have the force of law themselves but rather explain how the president plans to apply the law. The use of signing statements has been a subject of controversy as opponents argue they can derail the intent of the legislature. Unlike pocket vetoes or the power to issue pardons, signing statements do not nullify legislation but may affect its practical application.
