Answer :
Final answer:
In 1914, the prospect of a European wide war was met with a blend of apprehension and enthusiasm among Europeans, with many expecting a short, glorious conflict. Most nations saw participation as inevitable and necessary for maintaining national prominence. Anti-war voices existed but were overshadowed by the strong nationalistic and patriotic sentiments prevalent at the time.
Explanation:
The general attitude in Europe regarding the prospect of war in the summer of 1914 was a complex mixture of apprehension and enthusiasm. There was a widespread belief among the great powers that war was inevitable, and many viewed it as an opportunity for nationalistic vindication and glory. Germany and France anticipated a short war, ending by Christmas, while most young men, not having experienced war, were excited and volunteered eagerly. However, there were anti-war sentiments as well, particularly from socialist groups and other nations like America, where there was little interest in joining the European conflict.
The extensive military preparations across Europe, including the requirement of military service from young men and the existence of massive reserves, meant that war plans banked on rapid mobilization, hastened by the advanced railway network. This rush to mobilize created a situation where calm decision-making was sidelined, escalating the march towards war. Once mobilization started, it forced other nations to follow suit, as staying out of the conflict was seen as potentially leading to national decline.
Amidst the initial celebrations and patriotic fervor, few could fathom the prolonged and devastating nature of what would become the First World War. Figures like Wilhelm II of Germany saw the conflict as 'a jolly little war' and nationalistic spirit was high, with large numbers of volunteers stepping forward to serve their countries, believing that the war would cement their nation's prominence and resolve long-standing rivalries.
