Answer :
Final answer:
A downsloping runway creates a visual illusion that resembles a narrower runway by making it appear shorter than it is. This misinterpretation can lead to early landings, echoing the moon illusion experienced by pilots. Safety measures, like altitude calls by copilots, have been implemented to counteract these visual misjudgments.
Explanation:
Understanding Visual Illusions in Aviation
The visual illusion that creates the same effect as a narrower than usual runway is A downsloping runway. This illusion can make the runway appear shorter than it is, causing pilots to misjudge their landing approach. Psychologist Conrad Kraft (1978) described a similar effect during landings where the absence of visual cues can alter a pilot's perception of distance, akin to the moon illusion.
When landing on a downsloping runway, pilots might perceive the runway as extending further than it actually does, leading to a premature land. This is similar to how city lights can appear larger due to the moon illusion, affecting altitude judgment. By misunderstanding these optical illusions, pilots could endanger themselves, especially if they're not accustomed to the visual environment.
Implications for Aviation Safety
To mitigate such risks, airlines have implemented safety measures, such as copilots calling out altitude during descent, which helps improve landing accuracy and safety.
Understanding these illusions plays a crucial role in airport design and flight safety protocols.
Learn more about visual illusions in aviation here:
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