Answer :
Final answer:
To show reasonable suspicion or probable cause, articulable facts need to be presented. These are clear, concrete facts that suggest a crime has been, is being, or will be committed. Intuition alone is not considered sufficient grounds for this legal standard.
Explanation:
To establish reasonable suspicion or probable cause, articulable facts must be presented (option d). These are concrete facts that can be articulated or explained in a detailed and clear manner, leading to the conclusion that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed.
For instance, a suspicious behavior observed by a police officer, evidence of a crime discovered during an investigation, or an eyewitness account can all serve as articulable facts that provide enough grounds for reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Police intuition alone is not sufficient grounds for reasonable suspicion or probable cause as it lacks the concrete, factual basis necessary for this legal standard.
Furthermore, a search warrant or an arrest requires the standard of probable cause, which means the law enforcement officers must demonstrate to a judge that there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed or evidence will be found. This is required to protect individuals' rights against unreasonable searches and seizures as stated in the constitution.
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