Answer :
Catabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and typically release energy.
Nutrient molecules are broken down by catabolic pathways into forms that can be used (building blocks). Energy is either emitted as heat during this process or is stored in energy molecules for later use. These pathways convert the energy released during food breakdown into ATP and other energy-producing small molecules (e.g. GTP, NADPH, FADH2).
The citric acid cycle, the breakdown of muscle protein to utilise the amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis, the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase are a few examples of catabolic processes.
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