Answer :
Haemorrhage or leaking of blood into the subcutaneous tissue resulting in the darkening of the skin is called a bruise.
Leaking of blood from blood vessels into the subcutaneous tissue underlining the skin is caused by ecchymosis. The common cause of occurrence is trauma, for example, blunt force to the skin, causing the rupture of capillaries and it may affect various parts of the body.
Broken blood vessels that form tiny red dots also called petechiae can cause bleeding into the skin. Blood also can collect in a very large bruised area called ecchymosis or under the tissue in larger flat areas which is called purpura.
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