Answer :
Final answer:
Shoulder dystocia is a serious childbirth condition where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pelvis. It carries risks for both mother and baby, and signs include the 'turtle sign' and delivery delays. Nurses are integral in maneuvers like the McRoberts maneuver to address this situation.
Explanation:
Shoulder dystocia is a serious condition during childbirth where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pelvic bone after the head has been delivered, thus impairing normal delivery. Risk factors for shoulder dystocia can include maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, a previous incident of shoulder dystocia, and having a larger-than-average baby.
Complications of shoulder dystocia for the mother may include postpartum hemorrhage or rectovaginal fistula. For the baby, complications can include brachial plexus injuries, collarbone or arm fractures, or in extreme cases, lack of oxygen which can result in brain damage or death.
Signs of shoulder dystocia in labor may include the 'turtle sign,' where the baby's head goes back into the canal after it comes out, or a prolonged period of time without the body following the head.
There are several techniques or maneuvers used to handle shoulder dystocia. These include the McRoberts maneuver, which involves sharply flexing the mother's legs towards her abdomen to widen the pelvis and flatten the spine in the lower back. This is often used in conjunction with suprapubic pressure, where someone pushes down just above the pubic bone to encourage the baby's shoulder downward.
Nurses play a critical role in the McRoberts maneuver. They provide comfort and reassurance to the mother while effectively communicating the need for this maneuver. They also have a key role in performing it, by lifting the mother's legs and applying the necessary pressure.
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