Answer :
Final answer:
Governor Faubus of Arkansas defied the federal court order for school integration in Little Rock by mobilizing the National Guard to prevent African American students from entering Central High School. President Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National Guard and deploying the 101st Airborne Division to enforce the court's ruling. This incident highlighted the federal government's commitment to uphold civil rights amidst state resistance.
Explanation:
Federal Order Defied by Governor Faubus
In 1957, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus defied a federal order to integrate public schools in Little Rock, specifically the Central High School. The U.S. Supreme Court had issued a ruling that mandated desegregation, and the local situation became tense when nine African American students, known as the "Little Rock Nine," attempted to attend the school. In response to this integration effort, Governor Faubus called out the Arkansas National Guard to block the students' entry, refusing to comply with the court order.
This action led to a constitutional crisis as President Dwight D. Eisenhower realized that Faubus was openly opposing federal authority. Eisenhower took the extraordinary step of federalizing the National Guard and sending the 101st Airborne Division to protect the students and ensure their right to attend Central High School. For the remainder of the school year, federal troops were present to escort the students and uphold the federal desegregation order, demonstrating a significant federal intervention in state affairs.
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