Answer :
Final answer:
The characteristics of trade, specialized work, government, record keeping, and advanced technology are traits of a civilization. These elements, which were evident in ancient Sumer, are also essential in modern society, with advanced technology playing a significant role.
Explanation:
The characteristics of trade, specialized work, government, record keeping, and advanced technology are indicative of a civilization. An example is the vast ancient Sumerian era, where they used the ziggurat as a temple and specialized tasks were distributed among people such as farming and artisanship. Trade and markets played a role here as specialization required trade so that workers could use their pay to purchase other services and goods they needed. Government was signified through hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules. Maintaining files and records is also a characteristic of a bureaucracy.
In today's context, advanced technology plays a massive role in society, with digital technology steering the information age. Members of this postindustrial society are more likely to be service providers, like software programmers or business consultants, rather than goods producers. As such, the definition of a modern civilization extends beyond physical goods production and into the realm of knowledge and service provision.
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