Answer :
Final answer:
VL tower typically issues departure headings off active runways without prior coordination with the ACC. The ACC can cancel or change these headings for traffic management or safety concerns. So the correct option is (A).
Explanation:
The question 'VL tower issues what headings off which runways without coord. When may the ACC cancel or change these headings?' relates to the standard operating procedures within air traffic control (ATC). Such procedures often get defined by the individual country's aviation authority and concern how tower controllers issue departure headings for aircraft leaving the airport.
'Departure headings off active runways,' is usually the correct answer since tower controllers are responsible for managing the immediate airport environment, which includes issuing initial departure headings for aircraft taking off from active runways.
'Without coord' likely refers to these headings being issued without prior coordination with the Area Control Centre (ACC). The ACC may cancel or change these headings if there is a need for traffic management, such as traffic congestion, or if safety becomes a concern. This can include situational changes like aircraft emergencies, weather changes, or operational considerations that warrant a change in the traffic flow.
