Answer :
Classification of barium, boron, and nitrogen:
(9) Barium is a metal, (10) Boron is a metalloid (11) Nitrogen is a nonmetal
(9) Barium:
Barium is classified as a metal (A) on the periodic table. It is located in Group 2, Period 6, and belongs to the alkaline earth metals group. Barium exhibits typical characteristics of metals, such as high electrical conductivity, luster, malleability, and ductility. It has relatively low ionization energy and tends to lose electrons to form positive ions. Barium is a soft, silvery-white metal that reacts readily with water and oxygen. Its oxides and hydroxides are basic, indicating its metallic behavior. Barium is commonly used in various applications, including the production of alloys, glass, and fireworks.
(10) Boron:
Boron is classified as a metalloid (C) on the periodic table. It is located in Group 13, Period 2. Metalloids, also known as semimetals, possess properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Boron demonstrates some metallic and nonmetallic characteristics. It is a brittle solid with a high melting point. While boron is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature, it becomes a better conductor at higher temperatures. Boron forms covalent bonds in its compounds, similar to nonmetals, but can also exhibit some metallic behavior, such as forming metallic borides. Boron is widely used in various industries, including as an alloying agent and in the production of ceramics.
(11) Nitrogen:
Nitrogen is classified as a nonmetal (B) on the periodic table. It is located in Group 15, Period 2. Nonmetals are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity and have low melting and boiling points. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up around 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It exists as a diatomic molecule (N2), where two nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded. Nitrogen is relatively inert and does not readily react with other elements. It forms covalent bonds with most elements and can also participate in the formation of polar covalent and coordinate covalent bonds. Nitrogen is an essential element for life, playing a vital role in biological processes and being a key component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
In summary, barium is a metal (A) due to its typical metallic characteristics, boron is a metalloid (C) with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals, and nitrogen is a nonmetal (B) with typical nonmetallic properties. The classification of these elements is based on their location in the periodic table and their physical and chemical properties, which determine their behavior and reactivity.
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