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------------------------------------------------ Using Hirschi's social bonding theory as the theoretical framework, provide an example of:

1. Someone who engages in criminal behavior.
2. Someone who refrains from criminal behavior.

2. A high school student actively involved in sports, close to their family, and strongly adherent to societal norms avoids peer pressure to commit vandalism.

1. Someone Who Engages in Criminal Behavior:

Hirschi's theory identifies four elements of social bonds—attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief—that prevent deviance. In this case, weak attachment to family (poor emotional connection), low commitment to societal goals (e.g., education or career), and lack of involvement in pro-social activities create a void. The absence of belief in societal norms further facilitates deviant behavior, leading to criminal activities like theft.

2. Someone Who Refrains from Criminal Behavior:

This individual exhibits strong social bonds. Attachment to family and school builds emotional support and accountability. Commitment to long-term goals like education and sports participation reduces the time and desire for deviance. Involvement in structured activities (sports) leaves little time for crime. A strong belief in societal values ensures adherence to laws, preventing them from yielding to negative influences.